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Blouet, Clémence (2006) Protéines alimentaires et prévention des dysrégulations glycémiques: effets du glutathion et de l'apport en cystéine. Doctorat Nutrition humaine, UMR Physiologie de la nutrition et du comportement alimentaire, INAPG 2006INAP0020.
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Résumé
RESUME: S'il est établi que les acides aminés interagissent à différents niveaux avec les mécanismes de la régulation glycémique, le rôle quantitatif et qualitatif de l'apport protéique dans l'homéostasie du glucose reste controversé. Le stress oxydant joue un rôle important dans la pathogenèse de l'insulino-résistance, mais peu d'études ont exploré les effets de modulations de l'apport en cystéine, substrat limitant de la synthèse de glutathion. Après une étude des données bibliographiques portant sur les relations entre l'apport protéique et la régulation glycémique, avec un intérêt particulier porté à l'apport en acides aminés soufrés, nous présentons les résultats de nos études expérimentales réalisées chez le rat. Nous avons exploré les effets de la consommation de régimes hyperprotéiques sur la composition corporelle, la tolérance au glucose et la sensibilité à l'insuline et nous avons évalué les contributions respectives de la diminution spontanée de l'apport énergétique et de l'augmentation de l'apport protéique dans les effets observés. Par la suite, nous avons étudié les effets d'une augmentation spécifique en aigu et à moyen terme de l'apport en cystéine, apportée par l'intermédiaire d'une source protéique naturellement riche en cystéine (protéines de lactosérum enrichies en αlactalbumine) ou d'un donneur de cystéine (N-acétylcystéine), sur le statut en glutathion et la régulation glycémique chez le rat nourri avec un régime hypersaccharosé, un modèle d'induction nutritionnelle de stress oxydant associé à l'apparition d'une insulino-résistance.
Différents paramètres de la régulation glycémique, évaluée à jeun et en dynamique (période postprandiale et provocations glycémiques ou insuliniques), ont été confrontés à des marqueurs du statut redox, du métabolisme du glutathion, de la production et de la biodisponibilité du monoxyde d'azote.
L'augmentation de la fraction protéique de l'alimentation réduit le dépôt adipeux et améliore la régulation glycémique chez le rat sain. Chez le rat nourri avec un régime hypersaccharosé, une augmentation spécifique de l'apport en cystéine améliore le statut en glutathion et prévient le stress oxydant, les dysrégulations glycémiques et la réduction de la biodisponibilité du monoxyde d'azote. Ces résultats suggèrent que des conditions alimentaires conduisant à l'apparition d'un stress oxydant modéré pourraient être associées à une augmentation des besoins en acides aminés soufrés et que la non couverture de ces besoins favorise l'apparition de dysfonctions métaboliques.
| Type d'EPrint: | Thèse (Doctorat) |
|---|---|
| Directeur de Mémoire: | Huneau, Jean-François |
| Date: | Décembre 2006 |
| Jury de Mémoire: | Tomé, Daniel et Bonnefont-Rousselot, Dominique et Darmaun, Dominique et Valensi, Paul et Poullain, Bernard |
| Ecole Doctorale: | ED 435 AGRICULTURE, ALIMENTATION, BIOLOGIE, ENVIRONNEMENTS ET SANTE |
| Discipline: | Nutrition humaine |
| Fonds: | INAPG INAPG |
| Institution: | INAPG |
| Laboratoire: | UMR Physiologie de la nutrition et du comportement alimentaire |
| Sujets: | 7. Sciences de la vie et ingénierie du vivant |
| Mots-clés libres: | Dietary protein, High-protein diets, Whey protein enriched with α-lactalbumin, Sulfur amino acids, Cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, Glycemic control, Insulin sensitivity., Protéines alimentaires, Régimes hyperprotéiques, Protéines de lactosérum enrichies en α-lactalbumine, Cystéine, N-acétylcystéine, Régulation de la glycémie. |
| Code ID: | 2270 |
| Déposé par : | Nadine Pontal |
| Déposé le : | 22 Mars 2007 |
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