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Abdoulaye, Diane (2006) Stress, axe corticotrope et caracteristiques nutritionnelles et metaboliques. Doctorat Nutrition humaine, Nutrition humaine, INAPG 2006INAP0033 p.121.
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Résumé
Les relations entre le stress et l’alimentation sont l’objet d’interactions complexes et
multiples. Le lien habituellement admis entre le stress et le gain de poids passe par une
modification du comportement alimentaire. Plusieurs travaux indiquant l’impact du stress sur
la prise alimentaire ont donné cependant des résultats variables, engendrant selon les sujets
une réduction ou un accroissement de la prise alimentaire sans préciser quel(s) est (sont) le(s)
macronutriment(s) modifié(s). Dans la première partie de cette thèse nous avons montré
l’influence du stress sur le gain de poids et sur le choix en macronutriments, étude réalisée sur
le modèle rat soumis à deux situations alimentaires différentes (expérience 1 : les rats ont
reçu l’aliment ad-lib ; expérience 2 : les rats sont soumis à une restriction alimentaire( 2
épisodes alimentaires par jour)). Les résultats de ces deux protocoles expérimentaux ont
montré qu’un stress aigu (15 min de nage par jour pendant 3 jours consécutifs) appliqué juste
avant la phase active entraîne une diminution du gain de poids journalier chez les rats Wistar
mâles et femelles. Les mesures de consommations examinées à différents intervalles de temps
durant la phase nocturne ont révélé une dépression de la prise alimentaire durant les 3
premières heures après le stress (expérience 1) et durant la 1ere période alimentaire
(expérience 2) quel que soit le sexe. Le stress a entraîné aussi une augmentation de la
corticostéronémie et une diminution de l’insulinémie. Ces résultats démontrent un
dimorphisme sexuel quant au choix en macronutriments en réponse au stress. On conclue
donc que les stress induit, en plus d’un effet quantitatif, des effets qualitatifs sur la prise
alimentaire. Dans la deuxième partie nous nous sommes intéressés à la variabilité génétique
de l’axe corticotrope en relation avec la régulation du métabolisme énergétique entre deux
souches consanguines de rats : Fischer F344 obèse et Lou maigre. Les comparaisons
neuroendocrinienne, nutritionnelle et métabolique ont révélé que la souche F344 présentait (i)
des perturbations de son axe corticotrope qui se traduisent par une forte sécrétion de
corticostérone et (ii) une forte vulnérabilité à développer l’obésité liée au régime par
augmentation de l’adiposité et diminution du métabolisme de base comparée à la souche Lou.
Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse nous avons utilisé une « approche nutraceutique » :
testant l’influence, sur le stress, d’un aliment fonctionnel (extrait de levure). A partir de notre
modèle de stress mis au point dans la première partie, nous avons pu montrer les propriétés
protectrices de l’apport alimentaire de l’extrait de levure sur les perturbations
comportementales et alimentaires induites par le stress. Ces résultats ouvrent une perspective
sur la relation entre le stress et le comportement alimentaire mais aussi sur une meilleure
compréhension de la résistance à l’obésité chez le rat Lou impliquant l’axe corticotrope.
| Type d'EPrint: | Thèse (Doctorat) |
|---|---|
| Directeur de Mémoire: | Daniel, Tomé et Larue-Achagiotis, Christiane |
| Date: | 07 Décembre 2006 |
| Jury de Mémoire: | Daniel, Tomé et Chapouthier, Georges et Bigard, Xavier et Larue-Achagiotis, Christiane et Schmidely, Philippe et Vandekerckove, Pascal |
| Ecole Doctorale: | ED 435 AGRICULTURE, ALIMENTATION, BIOLOGIE, ENVIRONNEMENTS ET SANTE |
| Discipline: | Nutrition humaine |
| Fonds: | INAPG |
| Institution: | INAPG |
| Laboratoire: | Nutrition humaine |
| Sujets: | 7. Sciences de la vie et ingénierie du vivant |
| Mots-clés libres: | Stress, Axe corticotrope, Choix en macronutriments, Gain de poids, Obésité, Corticostérone, Leptine, Insuline, Open-field, Extrait de levure., Stress, HPA axis, Macronutrient choice, Body weight gain, Obesity, Corticosterone, Leptine, Insulin, Open-field, Yeast extract |
| Code ID: | 3109 |
| Déposé par : | Nadine Pontal |
| Déposé le : | 20 Novembre 2007 |
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