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Sebastia, Julien (2007) Prise en compte de la réactivité de différentes fractions des matières organiques du sol dans la prévision de la spéciation des métaux : cas du cuivre. Doctorat Environnement et agronomie, Unité de Physico chimie et ecotoxicologie des sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés (PESSAC), AgroParistech 2007AGPT0009 p.663.
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Résumé
Le devenir des métaux dans les sols agricoles est d’un intérêt majeur si l’on veut
maîtriser les risques pour l’environnement et pour les hommes. Un paramètre clé dans la
prévision du devenir des métaux est la connaissance de leur spéciation (i.e. leur forme
chimique et leur répartition entre les différentes phases réactives du sol). Cependant, cette
spéciation est difficile à établir dans les milieux complexes comme le sol. Des modèles ont
été développés pour prévoir cette spéciation. Dans ces modèles, la réactivité des Matières
Organiques du Sol (MOS) est assimilée à celle de molécules modèles telles que les
Substances Humiques (SH). Or les substances humiques ne sont pas représentatives de la
diversité des fractions organiques dans les sols identifiées comme porteuses de métaux. De
ce fait, pour prévoir à long terme le devenir des métaux dans les sols, il est nécessaire
d’améliorer la prise en compte des MOS dans les modèles et d’y intégrer des fractions
organiques autres que les SH. Pour atteindre cet objectif, on a étudié la réactivité avec le
cuivre de quatre fractions des MOS susceptibles d’interagir avec les métaux dans les sols :
les bactéries, les Matières Organiques Particulaires (MOP), la matière organique liée à la
matrice minérale et les Matières Organiques Dissoutes (MOD). Ces différentes fractions
organiques ont été isolées à l’aide d’extractions physiques ou chimiques pour trois
échantillons de sol qui diffèrent par leur statut organique suite à des amendements
organiques effectués pendant une quinzaine d’années, et leur réactivité a été étudiée par
potentiométrie. La modélisation des données obtenues a permis de hiérarchiser et de
quantifier la réactivité de ces différentes fractions des MOS, et d’introduire ces données de
réactivité dans le programme de prévision de spéciation ECOSAT. Trois scénarios de prise
en compte des MOS ont été utilisés pour prévoir la spéciation du cuivre : 1) réactivité des
MOS décrite avec la base de donnée générique interne au programme ECOSAT 2)
réactivité des MOS décrite en contraignant les teneurs en sites réactifs par la CEC du sol 3)
réactivité des MOS décrite par la somme des réactivités des différentes fractions étudiées.
Ces différents scénarios ont été testés et validés à l’aide de données expérimentales
(fractionnements granulo-densimétriques, extractions séquentielles, cuivre dissous) sur les
mêmes échantillons de sol avant ou après un ajout de cuivre.
| Type d'EPrint: | Thèse (Doctorat) |
|---|---|
| Directeur de Mémoire: | Lamy, Isabelle |
| Date: | 02 Avril 2007 |
| Jury de Mémoire: | Benedetti, Marc et Chassin, Pierre et Chenu, Claire et Baudu, Michel et Munch, Jean-Charles et Bermond, Alain |
| Ecole Doctorale: | ED 435 AGRICULTURE, ALIMENTATION, BIOLOGIE, ENVIRONNEMENTS ET SANTE |
| Discipline: | Environnement et agronomie |
| Fonds: | AgroParistech |
| Institution: | AgroParistech |
| Laboratoire: | Unité de Physico chimie et ecotoxicologie des sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés (PESSAC) |
| Sujets: | 8. Sciences de la terre et génie de l'environnement |
| Mots-clés libres: | Matières Organiques Particulaires, Matières Organiques du Sol, Cuivre |
| Code ID: | 3441 |
| Déposé par : | Nadine Pontal |
| Déposé le : | 27 Février 2008 |
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