La maturation de l’ovocyte canin in vivo et in vitro.

Accueil || Parcours || Recherche || S'enregistrer || Mon Compte || Contacts || Aide || Langues

Viaris de Lesegno, Christine (2007) La maturation de l’ovocyte canin in vivo et in vitro. Doctorat Reproduction, UMR 1198 Biologie de la Reproduction et Développement, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, AgroParistech 2007AGPT0046 p.125.

Plein texte disponible en tant que : - thèse-Viaris.pdf ( 11182 Kb )

Licence: CC ND 2.0

Résumé

La biologie de l’ovocyte canin est très différente de celle des autres espèces mammifères : en particulier, la fin de la maturation ovocytaire dans le follicule se déroule en présence d’une forte concentration en progestérone (lutéinisation préovulatoire) et l’ovulation libère un ovocyte en prophase I, qui n’atteindra le stade métaphase II qu’au bout de 48 à 60 heures de transit oviductal. Parallèlement, les taux de maturation obtenus in vitro chez la chienne sont très faibles. Le but de ce travail était de fournir une description ultrastructurale de la maturation ovocytaire canine in vivo (avant le pic de LH jusqu’à 105 heures post ovulation) et d’y comparer l’évolution des ovocytes mis en maturation in vitro.

In vivo, nos résultats en microscopie électronique à transmission montrent que l’ovocyte canin suit globalement le modèle de maturation ovocytaire des mammifères, à l’exception de l’existence d’une période de réactivation transcriptionnelle entre 24 et 48 heures post ovulation. Nous avons mis en évidence, grâce à une étude quantificative de l’incorporation de BrUTP, une activité transcriptionnelle très intense pendant cette période, activité à la fois nucléoplasmique et nucléolaire. Ni le pic de LH ni l’ovulation ne se révèlent suivis de modifications ultrastructurales importantes. Ils ne sont associés respectivement qu’à l’expansion et à la recompaction du cumulus. Les signaux de régulation de la méiose chez la chienne restent donc inconnus.

In vitro, l’examen ultrastructural montre que les ovocytes issus d’ovaires d’anoestrus sont très immatures. La comparaison avec les formes observées in vivo indique que les ovocytes qui n’achèvent pas leur méiose in vitro (VG et métaphase I) sont simplement interrompus dans leur maturation et ne présentent pas de formes aberrantes. Quant aux ovocytes ayant atteint le stade métaphase II in vitro, ils montrent un très faible degré de maturation cytoplasmique.

Références Bibliographiques

Amor M, Ramon M, Durfort M. 2004. Ultrastructural studies of oogenesis in Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda :Muricidae). Sci. Mar. 68:343-353.

Andersen A, Simpson M. 1973. The Ovary and Reproductive Cycle of the Dog (Beagle). Eds Geron-X, Inc., Los Altos, California, U.S.A., 1973.

Aoki F, Hara K, Schultz, R. 2003. Acquisition of transcriptional competence in the 1-cell mouse embryo:requirement for recruitment of maternal mRNAs. Mol.Reprod.Dev. 64(3):270-274.

Aoki F, Worrad D, Schultz, R. 1997. Regulation of transcriptional activity during the first and second cell cycles in the preimplantation mouse embryo. Dev.Biol. 181(2):296-307.

Archbald L, Baker B, Clooney L, Godke R. 1990. A surgical method for collecting canine embryos after induction of estrus and ovulation with exogenous gonadotropins. Vet Med Small Anim. Clin. 75:228-238.

Assey R, Hyttel P, Greve T, Purwantara B. 1994. Oocyte morphology in dominant and subordinate follicles. Mol Reprod Dev 37:335-344.

Assou S, Anahory T, Pantesco V, Le Carrour T, Pellestor F, Klein B, Reyftmann L, Dechaud H, De Vos J, Hamamah S. 2006. The human cumulus--oocyte complex gene-expression profile. Hum.Reprod. 21(7):1705-1719.

Bergfelt D, Brogliatti G, Adams G. 1998. Gamete recovery and follicular transfer (graft) using transvaginal ultrasonography in cattle. Theriogenology 50(1): 15-25.

Betteridge J. 1995. Phylogeny, ontogeny and embryo transfer. Theriogenology 44:1061-1098.

Bjerregaard B, Wrenzycki C, Philimonenko V, Hozak P, Laurincik J, Niemann H, Motlik J, Maddox-Hyttel P. 2004. Regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis during the final phases of porcine oocyte growth. Biol Reprod 70:925-935.

Bloom A, Mukherjee B. 1972. RNA synthesis in maturing mouse oocytes. Exp.Cell Res. 74(2):577-582.

Bogliolo L, Zedda M, Ledda S, Leoni G, Naitana S, Pau S. 2002. Influence of co-culture with oviductal epithelial cells on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes. Reprod Nutr.Dev 42(3):265-273.

Bouniol-Baly C, Hamraoui L, Guibert J, Beaujean N, Szollosi M, and Debey P. 1999. Differential transcriptional activity associated with chromatin configuration in fully grown mouse germinal vesicle oocytes. Biol.Reprod. 60(3):580-587.

Boyd J, Renton J, Harvey M, Nickson D, Eckersall P, Ferguson J. 1993. Problems associated with ultrasonography of the canine ovary around the time of ovulation. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 47:101-105.

Bysted B, Greve T. 2000. Activation of the embryonic genome in the dog. Theriogenology 53:269.

Bysted B. 2001. Periovulatory events and early embryonic development in the dog. PhD Thesis, Royal Veterinary Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cho E, Lockett S. 2006. Calibration and standardization of the emission light path of confocal microscopes. J.Microsc. 223:15-25.

Clérot J. 1979. Les Groupements Mitochondriaux des Cellules Germinales des Poissons Téléostéens Cyprinidés. Exp. Cell. Res. 120:237-244.

Concannon P, Hansel W, Mcentee K. 1977. Changes in LH, progesterone and sexual behavior associated with preovulatory luteinization in the bitch. Biol. Reprod. 17:604-613.

Concannon P, Tsutsui T, Shille V. 2001. Embryo development, hormonal requirements and maternal responses during canine pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 57:169-179.

Concannon P, Hansel W, McEntee K. 1977 Changes in LH, progesterone and sexual behavior associated with preovulatory luteinization in the bitch. Biol. Reprod. 17:604-613.

Concannon P, McCann J, Temple M. 1989. Biology and endocrinology of ovulation, pregnancy and parturition in the dog. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 39:3-25.

Cook D, Smith C, Parfet J, Youngquist R, Brown E, Garverick H. 1990. Fate and turnover rate of ovarian follicular cyst in dairy cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 90:37-46.

Cran D, Moor R, Hay M. 1980. Fine structure of the sheep oocyte during antral follicle development. J. Reprod. Fertil. 59(1):125-132.

Cui X, Li X, Yin X, Kong I, Kang J, Kim N. 2007. Maternal gene transcription in mouse oocytes:genes implicated in oocyte maturation and fertilization. J.Reprod.Dev. 53(2):405-418.

de Gier J, Kooistra S, Djajadiningrat-Laanen S, Dieleman S, Okkens A. 2006. Temporal relations between plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol-17beta, progesterone, prolactin, and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during the follicular, ovulatory, and early luteal phase in the bitch. Theriogenology 65:1346-1359.

Doak R, Hall A, Dale H. 1967. Longevity of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract of the bitch. J.Reprod.Fertil. 13(1):51-58.

Driancourt M-A, Gougeon A, Monniaux D, Royère D, Thibault C. 2001. Folliculogenèse et ovulation. In La reproduction chez les mammifères et l’Homme. Ed Ch Thibault, M.C.Levasseur, pp 316-347. Ellipses editions marketing, Paris.

England G, Yeager A. 1993. Ultrasonographic appearance of the ovary and uterus of the bitch during oestrus, ovulation and early pregnancy. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 47:107-117.

England G, Verstegen J, Hewitt D. 2001. Pregnancy following in vitro fertilisation of canine oocytes. Vet.Rec. 148(1):20-22.

Eppig J. 1996. Coordination of nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation in eutherian mammals. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 8(4):485-489.

Evans H, Cole H. 1931. An introduction to the study of the oestrous cycle in the dog. Mem. Univ. of Calif. University of Califormia press, Berkeley, California, USA,

Evans, A. 2003. Characteristics of ovarian follicle development in domestic animals. Reprod.Domest.Anim 38(4):240-246.

Fair T, Carter F, Park S, Evans A, Lonergan P. 2007. Global gene expression analysis during bovine oocyte in vitro maturation. Theriogenology 68 Suppl 1:S91-S97.

Farstad W, Mondain-Monval M, Hyttel P, Smith A, Markeng D. 1989. Periovulatory endocrinology and oocyte maturation in unmated mature blue fox vixens (Alopex lagopus). Acta Vet. Scand. 30:313-319.

Farstad W, Hyttel P, Grondahl C, Mondain-Monval, M, and Smith, AJ. 1993. Fertilization and early embryonic development in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). Mol.Reprod.Dev. 36(3):331-337.

Fleming A, Kuehl T, Armstrong D. 1985. Maturation of pig and rat oocytes transplanted into surrogate pig follicles in vitro. Gamete Res. 11:107-119.

Fleming W, Saacke R. 1972. Fine structure of the bovine oocyte from the mature graafian follicle. J Reprod Fertil 29:203-213.

Fontbonne A, Rault D, Malandain E, Boschiero S, Truelle N, Dumasy M, et al. 2004 Ovulation diagnosis attempt using ovarian ultrasonography. In :Proceedings of the Fourth EVSSAR congress European Veterinary Society for Small Animal Reproduction; 2004. p. 153–5.

Fujii M, Otoi T, Murakami M, Tanaka M, Une S, Suzuki T. 2000. The quality and maturation of bitch oocytes recovered from ovaries by the slicing method. J.Vet.Med.Sci. 62(3):305-307.

Fulton R, Keskintepe L, Durrant B et al. 1998. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of canine infertility. Theriogenology 48:366.

Gibbons J, Beal W, Krisher R, Faber E, Pearson R, and Gwazdauskas F. 1994. Effects of once- versus twice-weekly transvaginal follicular aspiration on bovine oocyte recovery and embryo development. Theriogenology 42(3):405-419.

Gier H. 1950. Early embryology of the dog. Anat. Rec. 108:561-562.

Gilchrist R et Thompson JG. 2007. Oocyte maturation :emerging concepts and technologies to improve developmental potential in vitro. Theriogenology 67(1):6-15.

Gjorret J, Crichton EG, Loskutoff NM, Armstrong DL, Hyttel P. 2002. Ultrastructure of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development in vitro in the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63:79-88.

Goudet G, Bézard J, Duchamp G, Palmer E. 1997. Transfer of immature oocytes to a preovulatory follicle: an alternative to in vitro maturation in the mare? Equine Vet J Suppl. 1997 Dec;(25):54-9.

Gougeon A. 1996. Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates :facts and hypotheses. Endocr. Rev. 17(2):121-55

Griffiths W.F.B., Amoroso E.G. 1939. Proestrus, estrus, ovulation and mating in the greyhound bitches. Vet. Rec. 51:1279-1284

Grondahl C, Hyttel P, Grondahl ML, Eriksen T, Gotfredsen P, Greve T. 1995. Structural and endocrine aspects of equine oocyte maturation in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 42:94-105.

Guerin C, Maurel MC, Launais M, Deletang F, Badinand F. 1997 Use of an immunoenzymatic assay to detect the luteinizing hormone peak in bitches. J Reprod Fertil Suppl.; 51:277-281.

Guraya SS. 1965 A histochemical analysis of lipid yolk deposition in the oocytes of cat and dog. J. Exp. Zool. 160 :123-136.

Haenisch-Woehl A, Kolle S, Neumuller C, Sinowatz F, Braun J. 2003. Morphology of canine cumulus-oocyte complexes in pre-pubertal bitches. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 32:373-377.

Hase, M, Hori, T, Kawakami, E, and Tsutsui, T. 2000. Plasma LH and progesterone levels before and after ovulation and observation of ovarian follicles by ultrasonographic diagnosis system in dogs. J.Vet.Med.Sci. 62(3):243-248.

Hatoya, S, Torii, R, Kondo, Y, Okuno, T, Kobayashi, K, Wijewardana, V, Kawate, N, Tamada, H, Sawada, T, Kumagai, D, Sugiura, K, and Inaba, T. 2006. Isolation and characterization of embryonic stem-like cells from canine blastocysts. Mol.Reprod.Dev. 73(3):298-305.

Hay MA, King WA, Gartley CJ, Goodrowe KL. 1994. Influence of spermatozoa on in vitro nuclear maturation of canine ova. Biol. Reprod. Suppl. 50:145.

Hayer, P, Gunzel-Apel, AR, Luerssen, D, and Hoppen, HO. 1993. Ultrasonographic monitoring of follicular development, ovulation and the early luteal phase in the bitch. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 47:93-100.

Hewitt DA, England GC. 1997. Effect of preovulatory endocrine events upon maturation of oocytes of domestic bitches. J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. 51:83-91.

Hewitt, DA and England, GC. 1999. Synthetic oviductal fluid and oviductal cell coculture for canine oocyte maturation in vitro. Anim Reprod.Sci. 55(1):63-75.

Hewitt, DA, Watson, PF, and England, GC. 1998. Nuclear staining and culture requirements for in vitro maturation of domestic bitch oocytes. Theriogenology 49(6):1083-1101.

Holst PA, Phemister RD. 1971. The prenatal development of the dog :preimplantation events. Biol. Reprod. 5:194-206.

Holst, PA and Phemister, RD. 1971. The prenatal development of the dog:preimplantation events. Biol.Reprod. 5(2):194-206.

Hossein, MS, Kim, MK, Jang, G, Fibrianto, HY, Oh, HJ, Kim, HJ, Kang, SK, and Lee, BC. 2007. Influence of season and parity on the recovery of in vivo canine oocytes by flushing fallopian tubes. Anim Reprod.Sci. 99(3-4):330-341.

Hozak, P, Cook, PR, Schofer, C, Mosgoller, W, and Wachtler, F. (1994). Site of transcription of ribosomal RNA and intranucleolar structure in HeLa cells. J.Cell Sci. 107:639-648.

Hunter, AG, Moor, RM. 1987. Stage-dependent effects of inhibiting ribonucleic acids and protein synthesis on meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro. J.Dairy Sci. 70(8):1646-1651.

Hyttel P, Callesen H, Greve T. 1986b. Ultrastructural features of preovulatory oocyte maturation in superovulated cattle. J. Reprod. Fertil. 76:645-656.

Hyttel P, Farstad W, Mondain-Monval M, Bakke LK, Smith AJ. 1990. Structural aspects of oocyte maturation in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). Anat. Embryol. (Berl) 181:325-331.

Hyttel P, Madsen I. 1987. Rapid method to prepare mammalian oocytes and embryos for transmission electron microscopy. Acta Anat. (Basel) 129:12-14.

Hyttel P, Westergaard L, Byskov AG. 1986a. Ultrastructure of human cumulus-oocyte complexes from healthy and atretic follicles. Hum. Reprod. 1(3):153-157.

Hyttel, P, Farstad, W, Mondain-Monval, M, Bakke, LK, and Smith, AJ. 1990. Structural aspects of oocyte maturation in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). Anat.Embryol.(Berl) 181(4):325-331.

Ishijima, T, Kobayashi, Y, Lee, DS, Ueta, YY, Matsui, M, Lee, JY, Suwa, Y, Miyahara, K, and Suzuki, H. 2006. Cryopreservation of canine ovaries by vitrification. J.Reprod.Dev. 52(2):293-299.

Jackson, DA, Hassan, AB, Errington, RJ, and Cook, PR. 1993. Visualization of focal sites of transcription within human nuclei. EMBO J. 12(3):1059-1065.

Jaffré N. Expression des récepteurs aux gonadotropines (FSH et LH) et des enzymes de la stéroïdogenèse au cours de la maturation folliculaire chez la chienne. 2006. Mémoire de Master 2, Spécialité Reproduction et Développement, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7.

Jang, G, Kim, MK, Oh, HJ, Hossein, MS, Fibrianto, YH, Hong, SG, Park, JE, Kim, JJ, Kim, HJ, Kang, SK, Kim, DY, and Lee, BC. 2007. Birth of viable female dogs produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 67(5):941-947.

Johnston SD, Kustritz MVR, Olson PN. 2001. Canine and feline theriogenology. Eds WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.

Kastrop, PM, Hulshof, SC, Bevers, mm, Destree, OH, and Kruip, TA. 1991. The effects of alpha-amanitin and cycloheximide on nuclear progression, protein synthesis, and phosphorylation during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro. Mol.Reprod.Dev. 28(3):249-254.

Kim, MK, Hossein, MS, Oh, HJ, Fibrianto, HY, Jang, G, Kim, HJ, Hong, SG, Park, JE, Kang, SK, and Lee, BC. 2007. Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages. J.Vet.Med.Sci. 69(6):627-632.

Kim, MK, Jang, G, Oh, HJ, Yuda, F, Kim, HJ, Hwang, WS, Hossein, MS, Kim, JJ, Shin, NS, Kang, SK, and Lee, BC. 2007. Endangered wolves cloned from adult somatic cells. Cloning Stem Cells 9(1):130-137.

Kocabas, AM, Crosby, J, Ross, PJ, Otu, HH, Beyhan, Z, Can, H, Tam, WL, Rosa, GJ, Halgren, RG, Lim, B, Fernandez, E, and Cibelli, JB. 2006. The transcriptome of human oocytes. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 103(38):14027-14032.

Kruip T, Cran D, van Beneden T, Dieleman S. 1983. Structural Changes in Bovine Oocytes During Final Maturation In Vivo. Gamete Res. 8:29-47.

Kutzler, MA. 2005. Induction and synchronization of estrus in dogs. Theriogenology 64(3):766-775.

Laurincik, J, Thomsen, PD, Hay-Schmidt, A, Avery, B, Greve, T, Ochs, RL, and Hyttel, P. 2000. Nucleolar proteins and nuclear ultrastructure in preimplantation bovine embryos produced in vitro. Biol.Reprod. 62(4):1024-1032.

Lee, BC, Kim, MK, Jang, G, Oh, HJ, Yuda, F, Kim, HJ, Hossein, MS, Kim, JJ, Kang, SK, Schatten, G, and Hwang, WS. 2005. Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells. Nature 436(7051):641.

Lee, HS, Yin, XJ, Jin, YX, Kim, NH, Cho, SG, Bae, IH, and Kong, IK. 2006. Germinal vesicle chromatin configuration and meiotic competence is related to the oocyte source in canine. Anim Reprod.Sci.

Lemon M, Pelletier J, Saumande J, Signoret JP. 1975. Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17beta and luteinizing hormone around oestrus in the cow. J. Reprod. Fertil. 42:137-140.

Lopez G, Sousa M, Oliveira E, Luvoni GC, Rocha A. 2006. Ultrastructural characterization of Canine Diestrous Grade 1 Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes. Proceedings of the 5th Biannual Congress of the European Veterinary Society for Small Animal Reproduction (EVSSAR).7-9 april 2006, Budapest, Hungary. p306.

Luvoni, GC, Chigioni, S, Allievi, E, and Macis, D. 2003. Meiosis resumption of canine oocytes cultured in the isolated oviduct. Reprod.Domest.Anim 38(5):410-414.

Luvoni, GC, Chigioni, S, Allievi, E, and Macis, D. 2005. Factors involved in vivo and in vitro maturation of canine oocytes. Theriogenology 63(1):41-59.

Luvoni, GC, Chigioni, S, and Beccaglia, M. 2006. Embryo production in dogs: from in vitro fertilization to cloning. Reprod Domest.Anim 41(4):286-290.

Luvoni, GC, Luciano, AM, Modina, S, and Gandolfi, F. 2001. Influence of different stages of the oestrous cycle on cumulus-oocyte communications in canine oocytes: effects on the efficiency of in vitro maturation. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 57:141-146.

Luvoni, GC. 2000. Current progress on assisted reproduction in dogs and cats:in vitro embryo production. Reprod Nutr.Dev 40(5):505-512.

Mahi, CA and Yanagimachi, R. 1976. Maturation and sperm penetration of canine ovarian oocytes in vitro. J.Exp.Zool. 196(2):189-196.

Marseloo N, Fontbonne A, Bassu G., Rivière S., Leblanc B., Rault D., Biourge V, Chastant-Maillard S. 2004. Comparison of ovarian ultrasonography with hormonal parameters for the determination of the time of ovulation in bitches. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction. 4-6 august 2004, Sao Paulo, Brazil. pp 75-77.

Marseloo N. 2005. Micro-environnement ovocytaire au cours de la maturation terminale chez la chienne :analyse du liquide folliculaire et des caractéristiques fonctionnelles du follicule. Mémoire de Master 2, Spécialité Reproduction et Développement, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7.

Marseloo, N., Fontbonne, A., Bassu, G., Rivière, S., Leblanc, B., Rault, D., Biourge, V., Chastant-Maillard, S. 2004. Comparison of ovarian ultrasonography with hormonal parameters for the determination of the time of ovulation in bitches. In Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction, Sao Paulo, Brésil. 4-6 août 2004, 75-77.

McDougall, K, Hay, MA, Goodrowe, KL, Gartley, CJ, and King, WA. 1997. Changes in the number of follicles and of oocytes in ovaries of prepubertal, peripubertal and mature bitches. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 51:25-31.

McNeil, J., Constandy, E. 2006. Addressing the problem of pet overpopulation :the experience of New Hanover County Animal Control Services. J. Public. Health Manag. Pract. 12 :452-455.

Metcalfe S. 1999.Assisted reproduction in the bitch. MSc Thesis, University of Monash, Australia.

Metcalfe, SS, Shaw, JM, and Gunn, IM. 2001. Xenografting of canine ovarian tissue to ovariectomized severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 57:323-329.

Misirlioglu, M, Page, GP, Sagirkaya, H, Kaya, A, Parrish, JJ, First, NL, and Memili, E. 2006. Dynamics of global transcriptome in bovine matured oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 103(50):18905-18910.

Miyano, T. 2005. In vitro growth of mammalian oocytes. J. Reprod. Dev. 51 :169-176.

Miyara, F, Migne, C, Dumont-Hassan, M, Le Meur, A, Cohen-Bacrie, P, Aubriot, FX, Glissant, A, Nathan, C, Douard, S, Stanovici, A, and Debey, P. 2003. Chromatin configuration and transcriptional control in human and mouse oocytes. Mol.Reprod.Dev. 64(4):458-470.

Mizushima, S and Fukui, Y. 2001. Fertilizability and developmental capacity of bovine oocytes cultured individually in a chemically defined maturation medium. Theriogenology 55(7):1431-1445.

Moor RM, Smith MW, Dawson RM. 1980. Measurement of intercellular coupling between oocytes and cumulus cells using intracellular markers. Exp. Cell. Res. 126:15-29.

Moore, GP, Lintern-Moore, S, Peters, H, and Faber, M. 1974. RNA synthesis in the mouse oocyte. J.Cell Biol. 60(2):416-422.

Motta PM, Nottola SA, Makabe S, Heyn R. 2000. Mitochondrial morphology in human fetal and adult female germ cells. Hum. Reprod. 15 Suppl 2:129-147.

Murakami, M, Otoi, T, Wongsrikeao, P, Agung, B, Sambuu, R, and Suzuki, T. 2005. Development of interspecies cloned embryos in yak and dog. Cloning Stem Cells 7(2):77-81.

Nothling, JO, De Cramer, KG, Gerber, D, and Kammer, VR. 2006. Luteal and follicular count in bitches:assessment by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Theriogenology 66(5):1343-1354.

O'Brien JK, Dwarte D, Ryan JP, Maxwell WM, Evans G. 1996. Developmental capacity, energy metabolism and ultrastructure of mature oocytes from prepubertal and adult sheep. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 8(7):1029-1037.

Okkens, AC and Kooistra, HS. 2006. Anoestrus in the dog:a fascinating story. Reprod.Domest.Anim 41(4):291-296.

Otoi T, Shin T, Kraemer DC, Westhusin ME. 2007. Role of cumulus cells on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes. Reprod.Domest.Anim 42(2):184-189.

Otoi, T, Fujii, M, Tanaka, M, Ooka, A, and Suzuki, T. 2000. Oocyte diameter in relation to meiotic competence and sperm penetration. Theriogenology 54(4):535-542.

Otoi, T, Ooka, A, Murakami, M, Karja, NW, and Suzuki, T. 2001. Size distribution and meiotic competence of oocytes obtained from bitch ovaries at various stages of the oestrous cycle. Reprod.Fertil.Dev. 13(2-3):151-155.

Otoi, T, Shin, T, Kraemer, DC, and Westhusin, ME. 2004. Influence of maturation culture period on the development of canine oocytes after in vitro maturation and fertilization. Reprod Nutr.Dev 44(6):631-637.

Otoi, T, Shin, T, Kraemer, DC, and Westhusin, ME. 2007. Role of cumulus cells on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes. Reprod Domest.Anim 42(2):184-189.

Otoi, T, Willingham, L, Shin, T, Kraemer, DC, and Westhusin, M. 2002. Effects of oocyte culture density on meiotic competence of canine oocytes. Reproduction 124(6):775-781.

Parker, HG, Kruglyak, L, and Ostrander, EA. 2006. Molecular genetics:DNA analysis of a putative dog clone. Nature 440(7081):E1-E2.

Pearson OP, Enders RK. 1943. Ovulation, maturation and fertilization in the fox. Anatomical Record 85:69-83.

Phemister RD, Holst PA, Spano JS, Hopwood ML. 1973. Time of ovulation in the beagle bitch. Biol Reprod 8:74-82.

Phemister, RD, Holst, PA, Spano, JS, and Hopwood, ML. 1973. Time of ovulation in the beagle bitch. Biol.Reprod. 8(1):74-82.

Pieterse, MC, Kappen, KA, Kruip, TA, and Taverne, MA. 1988. Aspiration of bovine oocytes during transvaginal ultrasound scanning of the ovaries. Theriogenology 30(4):751-762.

Pombo, A and Cook, PR. 1996. The localization of sites containing nascent RNA and splicing factors. Exp.Cell Res. 229(2):201-203.

Purswell, B.J. & Kolster, K.A. 2006. Immunocontraception in companion animals. Theriogenology. 66 :510-513.

Rasband, W.S., ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,

Maryland, USA, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/, 1997-2007.

Renard, J.P. et Chavatte-Palmer, P. 2004. Le clonage de l’animal et son apport en recherche vétérinaire. Bull Acad Vét France. 157 :5-15.

Renton, JP, Boyd, JS, Eckersall, PD, Ferguson, JM, Harvey, MJ, Mullaney, J, and Perry, B. 1991. Ovulation, fertilization and early embryonic development in the bitch (Canis familiaris). J.Reprod.Fertil. 93(1):221-231.

Reynaud K, Chebrout M, Tanguy-Dezaux C, Viaris de Lesegno C, and Chastant-Maillard S. 2006b. Roles of cAMP and cumulus cells during in vitro meiotic resumption of canine oocyte. Proceedings of the 5th Biannual Congress of the European Veterinary Society for Small Animal Reproduction (EVSSAR).7-9 april 2006, Budapest, Hungary. p286.

Reynaud K, Fontbonne A, Marseloo N, Thoumire S, Chebrout M, Viaris de Lesegno C, Chastant-Maillard S. 2005. In vivo meiotic resumption, fertilization and early embryonic development in the bitch. Reproduction 130:193-201.

Reynaud K, Fontbonne A, Marseloo N, Viaris de Lesegno C, Saint-Dizie, M, and Chastant-Maillard S. 2006. In vivo canine oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryogenesis: a review. Theriogenology 66(6-7):1685-1693.

Reynaud, K, Saint-Dizier, M, and Chastant-Maillard, S. 2004. In vitro maturation and fertilization of canine oocytes. Methods Mol Biol 253:255-272.

Robertson J.B., Srsen V., King W.A. 1992. Cytogenetic and ultrastructural analysis of canine oocytes cultured in vitro. The 12th International Congress in Animal Reproduction.The Hague, The Netherland, pp. 1808–1810.

Roeder, R.G. 1976. Eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases. In :RNA Polymerase, ed. R. Losick, and M. Chamberlin, Cold Spring Harbor, NY :Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 285-329.

Saint-Dizier, M, Reynaud, K, and Chastant-Maillard, S. 2004. Chromatin, microtubules, and kinases activities during meiotic resumption in bitch oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev 68(2):205-212.

Saint-Dizier, M, Salomon, JF, Petit, C, Renard, JP, and Chastant-Maillard, S. 2001. In vitro maturation of bitch oocytes:effect of sperm penetration. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 57:147-150.

Sampaolesi, M., Blot, S., D’Antona, G., Granger, N., Tonlorenzi, R., Innocenzi, A., Mognol, P., Thibaud, J.L., Galvez, B.G., Barthelemy, I. et al. 2006. Mesoangioblast stem cells ameliorate muscle function in dystrophic dogs. Nature. 444: 574-579.

Sathananthan AH. 1997. Ultrastructure of the human egg. Hum Cell 10:21-38.

Shimazu Y, Naito K. 1996. Both male and female pronuclei formation in canine oocytes inseminated at germinal vesicle stage. J. Mamm. Ova Res. 13:122-124.

Shimizu T, Tsutsui T, Murao I, Orima H. 1990. Incidence for transuterine migration of embryos in the dog. Jpn J Vet Sci. 52:1273-1275.

Songsasen, N and Apimeteetumrong, M. 2002. Effects of beta-mercaptoethanol on formation of pronuclei and developmental competence of swamp buffalo oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci. 71(3-4):193-202.

Songsasen, N, Spindler, RE, and Wildt, DE. 2007. Requirement for, and patterns of, pyruvate and glutamine metabolism in the domestic dog oocyte in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 74(7):870-877.

Songsasen, N, Yu, I, and Leibo, SP. 2002. Nuclear maturation of canine oocytes cultured in protein-free media. Mol Reprod Dev 62(3):407-415.

Sirivaidyapong, S, Bevers, mm, and Colenbrander, B. 1999. Acrosome reaction in dog sperm is induced by a membrane-localized progesterone receptor. J.Androl. G(4): 537-544.

Telfer, E and Gosden, RG. 1987. A quantitative cytological study of polyovular follicles in mammalian ovaries with particular reference to the domestic bitch (Canis familiaris). J.Reprod.Fertil. 81(1):137-147.

Tesoriero JV. 1981. Early ultrastructural changes of developing oocytes in the dog. J Morphol 168:171-179.

Tsutsui T et Ejima H. 1988. Experimental induction of superfecundation in the dog. Jpn J Vet Sci. 50:581-583.

Tsutsui T et Shimizu T. 1975. Studies on the reproduction of the dog. IV. On the fertile period of ovum after ovulation. Jpn J Anim Reprod 21:65-69.

Tsutsui T, Hori T, Endo S, Hayama A, Kawakami E. 2004. Intrauterine transplantation of the early canine embryos. Proc. 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction. Sao Paulo, 2004. p271-273.

Tsutsui T, Shimada K, Nishi M, Kubo N, Murao I, Shimizu T, Ogasa A. 1989. An experimental trial on embryo transfer in the dog. Jpn J Vet Sci;51:797-800.

Tsutsui T. 1975a Studies on the reproduction in the dog. V. On cleavage and transport of fertilized ova in the oviduct. Jpn J Anim Reprod. 21:70-75.

Tsutsui T. 1975b Ovulation rate and transuterine migration of the fertilized ova. Jpn J Anim Reprod. 21:98-101.

Tsutsui T. 1989. Gamete physiology and timing of ovulation and fertilization in dogs. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 39:269-275.

Tsutsui, T., Hori, T., Kawakami, E. 2001a. Intratubal transplantation of early canine embryos. J Reprod Fert. Suppl 57:309-314.

Tsutsui, T., Hori, T., Okazaki, H., Tanaka, A., Shiono, M., Yokosuka, M., Kawakami, E. 2001b. Transfer of canine embryos at various developmental stages recovered by hysterectomy or surgical uterine flushing. J Vet Med Sci. 63 :401-405.

Van der Stricht O. 1908. La structure de l'oeuf de la chienne et la genèse du corps jaune. Compt.rend.Soc.des Anatomistes à Marseille, Dixième réunion:1-9.

Van der Stricht O. 1923. Etude comparée des ovules de mammifères aux différentes périodes de l'ovogenèse. Arch Biol 33:229-300.

Van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw, A.M. 2006. Ovum Pick-Up and in vitro production in the bovine after use in several generations :a 2005 status. Theriogenology. 65:914-925.

Vannucchi, CI, de Oliveira, CM, Marques, MG, Assumpcao, ME, and Visintin, JA. 2006. In vitro canine oocyte nuclear maturation in homologous oviductal cell co-culture with hormone-supplemented media. Theriogenology 66(6-7):1677-1681.

Viaris de Lesegno, C, Reynaud, K, Pechoux, C, Thoumire, S, and Chastant-Maillard, S. 2007. Ultrastructure of canine oocytes during in vivo maturation. Mol.Reprod.Dev.

Wachtler, F, Stahl A. 1993. The nucleolus :A structural and functional interpretation. Micron 24:473-505.

Wallace, SS, Mahaffey, MB, Miller, DM, Thompson, FN, and Chakraborty, PK. 1992. Ultrasonographic appearance of the ovaries of dogs during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Am.J.Vet.Res. 53(2):209-215.

Wansink, DG, Schul, W, van, dK, I, van Steensel, B, van Driel, R, and de Jong, L. 1993. Fluorescent labeling of nascent RNA reveals transcription by RNA polymerase II in domains scattered throughout the nucleus. J.Cell Biol. 122(2):283-293.

Wassarman, P M. 1988. The mammalian ovum. In “The Physiology of Reproduction” (E. Knobil and J. Neill, Eds.), pp. 69–102. Raven Press, New York.

Wassarman, PM and Letourneau, GE. 1976. RNA synthesis in fully-grown mouse oocytes. Nature 261(5555):73-74.

Weakley BS. 1976. Variations in mitochondrial size and ultrastructure during germ cell development. Cell Tissue Res 169:531-550.

Westhusin, M, Burghardt, R, Ruglia, J, Willingham, L, Liu, L, Shin, T, Howe, LM, and Kraemer, D. 2001. Potential for cloning dogs. J.Reprod.Fertil.Suppl 57:287-293.

Westhusin, M, Hinrichs, K, Choi, YH, Shin, T, Liu, L, and Kraemer, D. 2003. Cloning companion animals (horses, cats, and dogs). Cloning Stem Cells 5(4):301-317.

Wetscher, F, Havlicek, V, Huber, T, Gilles, M, Tesfaye, D, Griese, J, Wimmers, K, Schellander, K, Muller, M, Brem, G, and Besenfelder, U. (2005). Intrafallopian transfer of gametes and early stage embryos for in vivo culture in cattle. Theriogenology 64(1): 30-40.

Wildt, DE, Chakraborty, PK, Panko, WB, and Seager, SW. 1978. Relationship of reproductive behavior, serum luteinizing hormone and time of ovulation in the bitch. Biol.Reprod. 18(4):561-570.

Wildt, DE, Levinson, CJ, and Seager, SW. 1977. Laparoscopic exposure and sequential observation of the ovary of the cycling bitch. Anat.Rec. 189(3):443-449.

Yamada, S, Shimazu, Y, Kawaji, H, Nakazawa, M, Naito, K, and Toyoda, Y. (1992). Maturation, fertilization, and development of dog oocytes in vitro. Biol.Reprod. 46(5):853-858.

Zawistowski, S., Morris, J., Salman, M.D., Ruch-Gallie, R. 1998. Population dynamics, overpopulation, and the welfare of companion animals: new insights on old and new data. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. 1:193-206.

Table des Matières

INTRODUCTION 9

I. La maturation ovocytaire chez la chienne 10

A. Biologie de l’ovocyte canin in vivo 10

1. La croissance et la maturation folliculaire terminales 10

2. La maturation de l’ovocyte 15

pendant la phase de croissance folliculaire terminale 15

3. La maturation oviductale de l’ovocyte (période post-ovulatoire) 16

4. La fécondation 17

5. Le développement embryonnaire 19

B. La maturation ovocytaire canine in vitro 23

et les biotechnologies de la reproduction 23

1. La collecte des ovocytes 24

2. Maturation ovocytaire in vitro 27

3. La fécondation in vitro 31

4. Développement embryonnaire in vitro et transfert 31

5. Le clonage 32

C. Spécificités expérimentales de l’étude de la maturation ovocytaire chez la chienne 34

1. Rareté du matériel biologique 35

2. Définition de références de temps 36

3. Difficultés d’observation de l’ovocyte canin 39

D. But de la thèse 41

II. Approche ultrastructurale de la maturation ovocytaire canine in vivo 43

A. Introduction 43

B. Matériel et méthodes 44

1. Animaux 44

2. Dosages hormonaux 45

3. Récolte des ovocytes 45

4. Microscopie Optique et Microscopie Electronique à Transmission 46

5. Analyse statistique des données 47

C. Résultats 47

1. Récolte des complexes ovocyte-cumulus et mesures 47

2. L’ovocyte avant le pic de LH 48

3. L’ovocyte entre le pic de LH et l’ovulation 50

4. L’ovocyte au cours des trois premiers jours après l’ovulation 53

5. Quatrième et cinquième jours après l’ovulation 55

D. Discussion 58

III. Approche transcriptionnelle de la maturation ovocytaire canine in vivo 65

A. Matériel et Méthodes 66

1. Animaux 66

2. Dosages hormonaux 66

3. Récolte des ovocytes 67

4. Incorporation du BrUTP 68

5. Immunocytochimie 68

6. Quantification du signal fluorescent 69

7. Analyse statistique des données 69

B. Résultats 70

1. Détermination du temps optimal d’incorporation et de la concentration optimale en BrUTP 70

2. Quantification de la transcription nucléaire 71

C. Discussion 77

IV. Approche ultrastructurale de la maturation ovocytaire canine in vitro 82

A. Matériel et méthodes 83

1. Récolte des ovocytes 83

2. Mise en culture 83

3. Préparation des échantillons et observation en microscopie électronique à transmission 84

4. Analyse statistique des données 84

B. Résultats 84

1. Classification des stades et mesures 84

2. Mesures 86

3. Ultrastructure des ovocytes non maturés 86

4. Ultrastructure des ovocytes après maturation in vitro 90

C. Discussion 98

1. Qualité des ovocytes avant maturation in vitro 99

2. Devenir des ovocytes pendant la maturation in vitro 102

3. Evaluation de la maturation des ovocytes en métaphase II 103

4. Evaluation de la maturation des oocytes n’ayant pas atteint le stade métaphase II en fin de culture 103

V. Bilan général et perspectives 108

VI. Références bibliographiques 113

Annexe : Liste de publications 123

Publications dans des revues internationales à comité de lecture 123

Publications en cours 123

Publications dans des revues françaises à comité de lecture 123

Communications 124

Résumé 125

Summary 125

Statistiques de consultation

Administrateurs de l'archive uniquement : éditer cet enregistrement