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Recalage et mosaïques d'images pour la microscopie confocale fibrée dynamique in vivo.

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Vercauteren, Tom (2008) Recalage et mosaïques d'images pour la microscopie confocale fibrée dynamique in vivo. Doctorat Informatique Temps Réel, Automatique et Robotique, CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées, ENSMP p.162.

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Résumé

Recalage et Mosaïques d’Images pour la Microscopie

Confocale Fibrée Dynamique In Vivo

La microscopie confocale classique permet d’obtenir des images à haute réso-

lution de cellules en culture ou dans un tissu biologique excisé. Cette technologie

peut être adaptée aux applications in vivo grâce à l’utilisation de fibres optiques et

d’optiques miniaturisées. A terme, la microscopie confocale fibrée devrait permettre

aux médecins et biologistes de réaliser des biopsies optiques; c’est à dire un exa-

men histologique, en temps réel, des tissus biologiques à l’intérieur d’un organisme

vivant et directement au contact de la zone d’intérêt.

Le but premier de cette thèse est de dépasser les limites matérielles de ces in-

struments d’imagerie en développant des outils de recalage d’images spécifiques et

innovants. En particulier, le propos de ce manuscrit est cadré par l’objectif de pro-

poser, au travers d’outils de création de mosaïques d’images, des biopsies optiques

à grand champ aux médecins. Cette application est considérée, dans cette thèse,

comme un système, ou un circuit, qui prendrait en entrée un flot de données brutes

et délivrerait en sortie des mosaïques d’images à grand champ. Nous détaillons les

éléments critiques de ce système, en particulier la reconstruction d’images en temps

réel, le recalage linéaire d’images et le recalage non linéaire, avant de présenter la

structure du système complet.

Les données brutes produites par la microscopie confocale fibrée sont difficiles à

interpréter parce qu’elle sont modulées par la structure en nid d’abeille du réseau

de fibres optiques et parce qu’elle sont entachées d’artefacts géométriques. Dans

ce contexte, nous montrons qu’une reconstruction en temps réel des images peut

être utilisée en pré-traitement afin de produire des séquences vidéos directement

interprétables. Comme la microscopie confocale fibrée est une imagerie qui se

fait au contact des tissus, le mouvement relatif du tissu par rapport à la sonde

optique implique qu’il est parfois difficile d’obtenir de manière robuste certaines

mesures quantitatives d’intérêt. Nous avons donc attaqué le problème du recalage

linéaire, efficace et robuste de paires d’images. Nous montrons que des outils ré-

cents provenant du domaine du contrôle robotique par la vision peuvent surpasser

les solutions standards utilisées en analyse d’images biomédicales. L’adéquation de

ces outils au problème du recalage linéaire d’images nous a amenés à revisiter le

problème du recalage non-linéaire. En interprétant le recalage non-linéaire comme

un problème d’optimisation sur un groupe de Lie, nous développons un algorithme

rapide de recalage difféomorphe non-paramétrique d’images. En plus d’être dif-

féomorphe, notre algorithme produit des résultats qui sont similaires à ceux de

l’algorithme des démons de Thirion mais qui sont plus lisses et plus proche de la

vérité.

Finalement, nous obtenons une boîte à outils de reconstruction et de recalage

d’images que nous utilisons pour proposer un algorithme robuste de création de

mosaïques d’images qui permette de calculer un alignement globalement cohérent

à partir de résultats locaux, de compenser les distorsions liées au mouvement et de

retrouver les déformations non-rigides. Par ailleurs, notre algorithme de mosaïques

d’images a récemment été incorporé dans un essai clinique multicentrique. Cet essai

illustre l’intérêt clinique de nos outils dans le cadre spécifique de la surveillance de

l’oesophage de Barrett.

Type d'EPrint:Thèse (Doctorat)
Directeur de Mémoire:Ayache, Nicholas et Pennec, Xavier
Date:25 Janvier 2008
Jury de Mémoire:Faugeras, Olivier et Golland, Polina et Navab, Nassir et Ayache, Nicholas et Pennec, Xavier et Perchant, Aymeric et Becker, Valentin et Loiseau, Sacha
Ecole Doctorale:ED 084 SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION
Discipline:Informatique Temps Réel, Automatique et Robotique
Fonds:ENSMP
Institution:ENSMP
Laboratoire:CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées
Sujets:2. Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication
Mots-clés libres:Confocal microscopy, Microscopie confocale, Image registration, Recalage image, Difeormorphism, Difféomorphisme, Cell, Cellule, Biological tissues, Tissu biologique, Medical imagery, Imagerie médicale, Image reconstruction, Reconstruction image
Code ID:3804
Déposé par :Claudine Abauzit
Déposé le :06 Juin 2008

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