Modélisation de la phase d’exploration du processus de conception de produits, pour une créativité augmentée.

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Mougenot, Céline (2008) Modélisation de la phase d’exploration du processus de conception de produits, pour une créativité augmentée. Doctorat Génie industriel, Laboratoire Conception de Produits et Innovation, LCPI (Design & Innovation Lab), ENSAM 2008ENAM0042 p.193.

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Résumé

La recherche en conception de produits aboutit à des méthodologies et des outils dans le but d’améliorer innovation et créativité. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche propose un modèle de la phase d’exploration du processus de conception de produits; bien que cruciales pour la suite du processus de conception, les phases amont étaient jusqu’à présent peu décrites, en partie car elles impliquent des opérations cognitives difficilement observables. Notre recherche s’est appuyée sur la mise en œuvre d’un protocole expérimental composé de questionnaires, d’entretiens et de simulations d’activités de conception, réalisé avec la participation de designers professionnels. Cette démarche a permis de décrire les stratégies de recherche d’informations et d’images par les designers dans la phase d’exploration du processus de conception et de montrer que le raisonnement créatif amont s’appuie principalement sur les informations visuelles. L’impact des images sur la créativité en design a ensuite été étudié, en particulier en fonction du secteur d’influence de l’image (architecture, mode…). Il a été montré que la distance entre la source (image inspirationnelle) et la cible (produit à concevoir) impacte la créativité des solutions proposées. Le modèle qui en découle a permis de formuler des spécifications pour le développement d’un logiciel d’aide à la conception créative par la recherche d’images. Notre recherche a été conduite dans le cadre d’un projet de trois ans financé par l’Union Européenne (TRENDS: STREP IST-27916) et a été validée par la réalisation d’un logiciel visant à assister les activités de recherche d’informations et de création des designers, dans la phase d’exploration du processus de conception. Le développement du logiciel a été mené grâce à la participation des designers automobiles, dans la conception et dans les tests des différents prototypes du logiciel.

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