Perception monoculaire de l'environnement pour les systèmes de transport intelligents.

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Dumortier, Yann (2009) Perception monoculaire de l'environnement pour les systèmes de transport intelligents. Doctorat Informatique temps - réel, robotique, automatique, CAOR-Centre de Robotique, ENSMP p.157.

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Résumé

L'évolution des transports, au cours des dernières décennies, témoigne d'une volonté continue de réduire les contraintes associées à la notion de déplacement. Dans ce but, une part importante des efforts engagés a pour objectif de raccourcir la durée des trajets, essentiellement grâce à l'amélioration des infrastructures et la diversification des modes de transport. La multiplicité modale, censée répondre aux différents besoins des usagers, n'a cependant pas suffi à stopper l'essor de l'automobile au sein des agglomérations. La voiture individuelle est ainsi progressivement devenue la principale source de nuisances et d'accidents urbains. Les solutions étudiées pour remédier à cette situation reposent principalement sur la responsabilité du facteur humain. Elles proposent donc essentiellement de remplacer l'automobile par des systèmes de transport autonomes. L'automatisation des véhicules, progressivement mise en place par la démocratisation des systèmes d'aide à la conduite (ADAS), nécessite le développement de modules de perception de l'environnement, qui analysent et traitent l'information acquise à partir d'un ou plusieurs capteurs. Avec l'explosion des capacités computationnelles des systèmes embarqués, la caméra est devenue l'un des capteurs les plus utilisés, tant pour la richesse de l'information contenue dans une séquence d'images, que pour son faible coût et son encombrement limité. Les travaux présentés dans ce document apportent une solution originale au problème de la perception visuelle pour la conduite automatisée, grâce à une approche monoculaire fondée sur l'étude de contraintes géométriques appliquées au mouvement image.

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