Etude et optimisation d'une gamme de mise en forme à froid en acier haut carbone.

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Massé, Thomas (2010) Etude et optimisation d'une gamme de mise en forme à froid en acier haut carbone. Doctorat Mécanique Numérique, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, ENSMP p.204.

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Résumé

Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation par éléments finis des procédés de mises en forme à froid, que sont le tréfilage et le laminage. Tout d'abord le comportement mécanique des aciers haut carbone a été mesuré grâce à une large campagne d'essais expérimentaux tout au long de cette gamme de mise en forme et une progressive anisotropie mécanique a été observée au cours du tréfilage. Puis, la simulation numérique du tréfilage et du laminage a été réalisée à l'aide de FORGE2005®. Le résultat principal concerne la prédiction de l'élargissement en fin de laminage qui est très imprécise avec une loi isotrope (sous estimation de la largeur de 10%). Cette sous-estimation passe à 5% avec une loi de comportement anisotrope. Ensuite, une troisième partie a porté sur l'étude microstructurale couplée à une analyse des mécanismes d'endommagement des aciers perlitiques au cours du tréfilage et du laminage. L'anisotropie mécanique provient de l'alignement des colonies de perlite au tréfilage et par l'apparition d'une orientation cristallographique préférentielle. Trois mécanismes d'endommagement ont pu être identifiés au cours du tréfilage. Lors du passage au laminage, les cinétiques de propagation de l'endommagement sont modifiées. La simulation a permis d'apporter des informations supplémentaires et de valider les observations expérimentales. Enfin, des calculs d'optimisation du tréfilage ont été effectués et ont permis d'étudier la sensibilité des fonctions objectifs (endommagement et force de tréfilage) aux paramètres d'optimisation (géométrie de filière). De plus, cette étude a mis en évidence que les solutions optimales diffèrent en fonction du choix de la fonction coût et qu'il est possible de diminuer l'endommagement sans trop augmenter la force de tréfilage et le risque de rupture.

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